Jafe-jafe yi gëna mag ci radiasioŋ -Osilatëri kristal yu dëgër: Jàngat bu xóot ci dose ionisant bu mat te benn - njeexitalu xew-xew
Overview: Jafe-jafe yi amul fenn ci oscillators kristal ci environmaa radiation
Osilatëru kristal yi, ñooy "beat heart" ci sistem elektronik yi, te dañuy jànkoonte ak jafe-jafe yu amul fenn ci environmaa yi bari radiasioŋ. Seeni lëf yu am solo -kristaal piezoelektrik ak sircuit oscillation yu jaar yoon-ñuy tontu ci radiasioŋ ci anam wu wuute, waaye njeexte yi dañuy mujjee feeñ ci metriku performaas bu am solo bi: dayo fréquence. Efe radiasioŋ yi dañu leen di njëkka xaaj ñaari xeetu effet: yàqu-yàqu ndànk-ndànk ci effet Total Ionizing Dose (TID) ak njuumte yu gaaw yi bawoo ci benn -Efe Event (SEEs).
Wàll 1: Njariñu dose ionisant bu mat - "Màgget gu yàgg" ci osilatëri kristal
1.1 Loraange yu bari ci kristal bi ci boppam
Efe TID yi dañuy bawoo ci dajalu energie biy bawoo ci exposition bu yàgg ci radiation ionisant, te loolu dafay indi ñaari xeeti loraange yu mag ci kristal quartz yi:
Formaasioŋ buy yokku ci ay jafe-jafe ci réseaux
• Radiasioŋ dafay indi yàqu-yàqu ci biir kristal bi, di dindi atom yi ci seen barab ci réseaux bi.
• Ay barab yu amul dara, ay atom yu nekk ci biir, ak yeneen mbir yu baaxul dañuy gëna yokk lu yàgg.
• Fi yaxxu yooyu dañuy soppi constant elastisite kristal bi ak effet chargement masse-.
• Njariñ bu jub: Coppite yu sistemik ci fréquence resonant ak jaar-jaar ci courbe màndarga fréquence -tàngoor.
Dajale sarse ci surface yi ak interface yi
• Radiasioŋ ionisant yi dañuy defar ay sarse yu fiks ci kaw kristal bi ak ci diggante electrode yi.
• Dajale sarse dafay soppi anam wi onde akustik di tasaaroo.
• Dafay yokk ñàkka tasaaroo ak tasaaroo ci vague akustik yi.
• Njariñ bu jub: Wàññiku fakteer kalite (Q) ak wàññikug màndarga bruit fase.
1.2 Yaxxum ndànk-ndànk ci sircuit oscillation
Koposaŋ bi aktiif ak pasif ci sircuit oscillation yi dañuy yàqu lu dosu radiasioŋ bi di gëna yokk:
Drift parametre ci aparey yiy dox
• Derive sistemik ci voltage MOSFET yi dafay soppi point biais bi ci sircuit oscillation yi.
• Wàññi transistor bi dafay wàññi marge gain bu loop bi.
• Njàngale mu jub: Jafe-jafe tàmbali oscillation, wàññi amplitude biy génn, ak lu tar, dakkal oscillation.
Yokkateg exponentiel ci courant fuite
• Charge trap oxide yi dañuy yokk courant yiy senn ci junction PN yi ak oxide yi ci porte yi.
• Yokkateg energie static bu bari.
• Yokkateg bruit thermique dafay yéegal dëru bruit fase bi.
• Njàngale mu jub: Konsommasioŋ kuuraŋ bi dafa weesu liñu ko santaanee, ba noppi bruit bi dafay yokk.
Coppite yi am ci parametru reso feedback
• Parametre yiy sensible ci radiasioŋ ci kondansatëri sarge ak resistor yi dañuy soppiku.
• Dafay soppi anam yi fase yi di doxee ngir oscillation.
• Impact bu jub: Coppite ci fréquence digg bi ak wàññeekug rang tuning bi.
Wàll II: Benn -Efektu xew-xew-"Attaque cardiaque bu gaaw" bu oscillateur kristal
2.1 njeexital ci kaw paccu kristal bi
Deplasement bu gàtt
• Benn particule bu am doole bu bari (lu melni ion bu diis wala proton bu am doole bu bari) mooy jaar ci biir kristal bi.
• Dafay defar ay yàqu-yàqu ci réseaux ci trajectoire particule yi.
• Dafay waral ay coppite ci stress bi ci gox bi.
• Impact direct: Jump frequence ci saasi, te mën na dellu ginaaw.
Efe deposisioŋu sarse
• Particule yi dañuy def charge ci biir kristal bi, daal di sos ay champ électrik yuy romb.
• Charge bi dafay soppi nekk stress mekanik buy romb jaaraleko ci effet piezoelectrique bi.
• Njàngale mu jub: Faas yuy tëb ak yàqu-yàqu bu gàtt ci diir bu gàtt ci stabilite fréquence.
2.2 Dakkal ci saasi ci sircuit oscillation
Benn -Transient (SETs) ci sircuit analog
• Particule yu am doole yu bari dañuy dóor anplifikatër yi wala sircuit biais yi ci biir core oscillateur bi.
• Defar ay impulsu courant yuy romb ci ligne kuuraŋ wala siñaal.
• Yaatuwaayu impuls yi mingi tàmbalee ci fukki picosegond dem ba ci ay mikrosegond yu bari.
• Njexital yu jub:
• Glitches yu saasi yuñ jagleel forme onde biy génn.
• Dagg ci lu gaaw ci wéyal fase.
• Mën na waral fase - boucles tëju (PLLs) ñàkka tëju wala synchronisation montor bi ñàkk.
Benn -Njàqare ci Xew-xew (SEUs) ci Logique Kontrôle
• Bit flips yi dañuy am ci wàllu seytu dijital (lu melni, registre tuning fréquence, baatu seytu mode).
• Dañu soppi parametru tabb gi te kenn xamul.
• Njexital yu jub:
• Frequency biy génn dafay dem ba ci valeur bu jaarul yoon.
• Coppite bu jaarul yoon ci anam yi ñuy doxalee.
• Mën na soxla configuration bu bees ngir mëna delloosi liggéey bu jaar yoon.
Njexitali musiba yu benn -xew-xew tëj-up (SEL)
• Dekkilu PNPN parasit dafay sos yoonu courant bu kawe -.
• Courant bi dafay yokk bu baax (mën na yegg ba 100 yoon valeur normal bi).
• Njexital yu jub:
• Circuit bi dafa yàqu bu baax.
• Runaway thermique mën na yàq ba fàww.
• Dafay laaj nga def cycling kuuraŋ ngir mëna defaraat.
III pàcc: Pexe yu yam ci dëgëral osilatëri kristal
3.1 Matt yiñ jël ngir xeex jafe-jafe TID
Tanneef bu baax ci jumtukaayi kristal
• Jëfandikool kristal yu dëgër ci radiasioŋ: SC{1}}kuarz buñ dagg moo gëna mëna xeex radiasioŋ AT{2}}dagg.
• Pexem liggéey yu amul fenn: Annealing hydrogen dafay wàññi fi yaxxu kristal yi ci njëkk.
• Saytu macceer yu bees: yeneen pexe yu melni lithium niobate (LNB) dañu wane njariñ ci yenn bande de fréquence.
Designu sircuit bu dëgër
• Jëfandikool ay aparey semi-conducteurs yuñ defaree radiation{0}}procédure yu dëgër.
• Defar ay sircuit biais redondant ngir kompensaasioŋ ci saasi ci derivaasioŋu voltage biy tënk.
• Jëfandikool jëmmal muñ ngir mëna doxal ci biir tolluwaayu derivaasioŋ parametre.
• Dugalal ay sircuit yuy saytu courant biy senn ak diko kompensaasioŋ.
Optimisation structurel
• Defar emballage kristal bu baax ngir wàññi jëfandikoo macceer yu sensible ci radiasioŋ.
• Yokkatal jëmmal ak pexe lëkkaloo electrode yi ngir wàññi dajalu charge interface bi.
• Def ci ay couche yu amul fenn ngir wàññi jafe-jafe yi ci kaw suuf si.
3.2 Ay pexe yu jege ngir benn-efe xew-xew
Arsitektir sircuit-Aar niveau
• Jëfandikool sircuit filtrage ak histeresis ci yooni siñaal analog yu am solo.
• Defar ñatti redondance modulaire (TMR) ak yeesal saa yu nekk ngir wàll yi ñuy doxalee ci dijital.
• Nafar jumtukaayi gis ak defaraat yu gaaw.
• Aar done configuration ak kodu gis njuumte ak jubbanti.
Xeetu jëmmal jëmmal
• Yokk ay ring garde ci node yu sensible yi.
• Jëfandikool xeetu -centroid yiñ gëna xam ngir wàññi effet gradient yi.
• Defar reso yiy séddale kuuraŋ ngir wàññi latch-up.
• Yokk yaatuwaayu tranzistor yu am solo yi ngir yokk sarse bu am solo bi.
Sistem-Niveau Contremesures
• Nafar ay arsitektir osilatër yu bari yuy jàppale commutaasioŋ bu tàng.
• Def ci diir - di saytu fréquence ak gis anomalie.
• Defar ay algorithm yuy méngoo ngir xàmmee ak dindi jafe-jafe yiy romb.
• Defar ay pexe ngir mëna toppatoo orbit bi, lu ci melni etalonnagewaat parametre yi ak defaraat ay njuumte.
3.3 Mbir yiñ laaj ngir saytu ak saytu
Xeetu test radiasioŋ ngir osilatëri kristal
• Xool bu yàgg - stabilite fréquence ngir jàngat tendaas degradaasioŋ ci TID.
• Natt ci diir bu dëggu - bu bruit fase ngir gis siñaale efekt yuy romb.
• Ci -beam test ngir nuru njeexitalu benn -effet xew-xew.
• Test dundu bu gaaw ngir seetlu wóor - ci diir bu yàgg.
Parametre yu am solo ngir saytu
• Courbe yi am ci digganté offset fréquence ak dose totale.
• Coppite ci spectre bruit fase.
• Degradasioŋ ci diiru tàmbali- ak diiru dakkal.
• Mën tëye njubte jëmmu onde biy génn.
Mujjeetal: Xeetu Ingénieur Sistem ngir Ekilibre ak Optimisation
Dëgëral radiaasioŋ ci osilatëri kristal, jafe-jafe la ci ingenieur sistem bi, te dafay laaj njaay ci wàll yu bari:
Equilibre ay jumtukaay ak ay anam
• Jëfandikoo gi am ci digganté mbañeelu radiaasioŋ yi ci macceer kristal yi ak dayo fréquence yi.
• Equilibre℃bi semi-conducteur yi di dëgëral ak li ñuy jëfandikoo ci kuuraŋ ak gaawaay.
Njaayum - ci jëmmal sircuit
• Njariñu wóor ci redondance ak yokkute ci complexité ak konsommasioŋ kuuraŋ.
• Yemale dooley matuwaayi aar ci njëg ak dayo.
Optimisation ci architecture sistem bi
• Nafar bu boole ay pexe aar ci dayo yu bari.
• Boole ay pexe ngir muñ njuumteg jumtukaay -losisel-.
• Dugalug saytu ci net bi ak kàttan ngir mëna ànd ak jamono.
Fi nuy mujjee mooy, radiation -hardened oscillator defay laaj nga xam bu baax environmaa bi ngay jëfandikoo, ba noppi nga xalaat bu baax ci performance, wóor ak njëg. Ak yokkute yi am ci jumtukaayi jumtukaay yu bees yi, liggéey yi, ak algorithm yu am xel, performance oscillateurs kristal yi ci environmaa yi radiation yu tar dina ñu wéy di gëna yokk, di joxe temps bu gëna dëgër - fondation ngir aplikaasioŋ yu wóor yu melni wër jawwu ji xóot ak energie nucleaire.
Càmbaru jàngat biñ tëral ak pexem dëgëral dafay tax "beat xol" bi nekk ci anam wu dëgër te wóor, doonte ci environmaa yi gëna tar ci radiasioŋ.